Torvald Helmers Monologue From A Dolls House

Race to College free essay sample

â€Å"Racer prepared? Racer go when ready.† As I remain at the highest point of the slope, holding up behind the beginning entryway, I gaze vacantly at the group that’s watching, cheering, and shouting back at me. One. I assemble my contemplations, and gaze intently at the enormous course in front of me. Two. I let the adrenaline race through my veins. I publicity myself up as I hammer my skis down one foot after the other. Three. I’m off. As I dispatch myself down the slope, I see the first. I have a minor a few seconds to watch the conditions around me. Is the snow rutted? Is the snow frigid? Is the snow great? I have seconds to set myself up for the test. I pass the main door. Not consummately or easily, however I despite everything got past it. The second, the third, and the fourth entryways pass and I’m set out toward the following. We will compose a custom article test on Race to College or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I’m not readied. The grass shows its underhanded green sharp edges through the day off takes hold of the base of my skis. I delayed down and fall face first into the day off. What simply occurred? What do I do? I verify whether I’m okay. None of my skis tumbled off and no bones are broken. I can in any case finish this race. I bounce to my feet and begin moving back up to the door I missed. As I circumvent it, I can see the end goal. I see my mentor rooting for me; I hear my family shouting my name, and I watch my partners at the base. Quicker, I think. I have to complete this race. Assurance shoots through me and I get an eruption of vitality. I accelerate and soon enough, I wrapped up. In those 25-30 seconds of dashing down the slope, I watch and get ready. I tumble down, look at my conditions, and get back up once more. I move back up the slope, and I think about the individuals I am making pleased. At the point when I ski, I am confronted with difficulties and I hav e to survey what they are and how I can fix or maintain a strategic distance from them. At the point when I fall flat, I don't surrender, and I don't stop. Rather, I get back up and invest more energy. Furthermore, school is a ton like skiing.

Family Relationships Essay Topics

Family Relationships Essay TopicsFamily relationships can be very complicated, but writing an essay on family relationships will certainly offer students a lot of valuable insight. Most writing assignments tend to revolve around giving students their first real experience in writing, so it is vital that they are comfortable with the topic. There are several different areas of research you can include when you are researching topics for your essay.Writing writing research paper should take into account the family dynamics of the participants. You should keep in mind who all has a say in the family and what is said between family members. You should also take into consideration what is happening in the home. You may want to ask friends and relatives to help you prepare family research topics, as well as participate in discussions about family issues.Being familiar with relationship issues can lead to having a more open mind to future challenges. Family studies can go beyond those writt en to examine the development of the family unit, but can take on more extended topics. This will help the student think about relationships from a variety of perspectives, allowing them to compare and contrast various situations.Write your essay topics about the value that should be given to each member of the family. It is essential that you include every individual when writing this topic. A relationship involving only one parent can provide different results from those that involve both parents. It is important to make certain that you find the right balance of family members when writing this topic.Your family might have a history of physical or emotional abuse in the past. If you think there is a possibility that your family might have had problems with being abused, it would be wise to include this information. Sharing about your family's past can give insight to the relationships that you have today.Another factor that may impact how family members feel about one another is religious beliefs. As a matter of fact, religion can affect relationships in ways that can affect how well the family relationship is working. If your family does not believe in the teachings of their religion, they may be less inclined to open up to you about their feelings.When studying the topics mentioned above, it is possible that you will have no way of knowing if what your family is telling you is actually true. In this case, you may want to seek the assistance of an academic advisor or even a counselor. These individuals can offer some information and insight to helping you prepare for writing your research essay.No matter what the subject of your research is, family relationships can be a very effective way to bring up the subject of family studies. This article has provided you with some good tips for family relationships essay topics. Taking the time to consider these factors will help you become prepared to write your paper.

Violent Video Games And Violence - 1203 Words

Are violent video games directly correlated to teen violence? This is the burning question many researchers are dedicated to answering. The common form of the question is â€Å"Is the increase in violence in games creating killer kids?† The simple answer is no. Instead the opposite has occurred, as games became more violent, the players became calmer. The games create a â€Å"safe† outlet for any anger or angst that young people possess. Crime rates in the teen population have lowered and violent teens admit to having little to no interest in violent video games. The games that most people fear are destroying the youth may actually be one of the things helping them grow and become â€Å"normal† members in society. Games have been proven create a safe environment for players to release anger causing a decrease in real-world aggression. A study published in Journal of Adolescent Health found that young people, especially boys use games as a way to manage emotions. â€Å"61.9% of boys played to ‘help me relax,’ 47.8% because ‘it helps me forget my problems,’ and 45.4% because ‘it helps me get my anger out,† the article reports. The games have become a kind of stress-ball with a storyline. The game creates a â€Å"safe† environment by allowing the player to have violent interactions within a false, non-harmful medium. No real-world is performed keeping everyone safe. Also as more games include violence, more kids learn to use it as a coping mechanism. Another statistic that breaks the suspectedShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 Pageseven specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists, Sociologists, Anthropologist, SchoolsRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreViolent Video Games And Violence855 Words   |  4 Pagesof violence in the popular media influencing a young generation to violence has been hotly debated. Since the introduction of violent video games in the 1970’s, for example, the shooting games Empire and Maze War from 1973, people have noticed that violent video games induce violent behavior in players, especially in teenage males. Despite people seeing the negative influence of violent media earlier as well, only in the last two decades has video game violence come to the forefront as video gameRead MoreViolent Video Games And Violence1533 Words   |  7 Pagesthe unclear motives of the people behind such destructive behaviour. Unfortunately, many individuals have jumped to rash conclusions regarding the causes of such events by linking violent video games with violence in the youth population. Even more discerning individuals have also criticized the role of violent video games in encouraging people to become mass murderers. With these opinions gaining popularity in the mass media, it has become the predominant belief of society to explain why there areRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games are one of America’s most beloved pastimes, especially when it comes to teenagers. A whopping 97% of teenagers play video games, as opposed to only about 40% participate in sports. (http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/Horizons/2008/0916/by-the-numbers-teens-and-vide o-games http://www.aspenprojectplay.org/the-facts.) This high percentage is still growing. Teens devotion for video games is becoming more and more popular, especially as more games of all different genres are becoming availableRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violence : Cause Of Violence And Video Games1377 Words   |  6 PagesLit. 27 November 2017 The Blame Game Statistically, 2017 has become the year with second lowest crimes rates since 1990, assuming there isn’t a big resurgence in violent crime between now and the end of the year (Bump). However, violent crimes continue to be a problem in modern-day America. Many have sought out to find out the root of these crimes and what causes them, and as a result, many different things have been cited as a cause for violence. Violent video games are said to be a possible sourceRead MoreVideo Game Violence : The Cause Of Violent Video Games1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned that the cause of violent video games became an issue for public debate after teenagers and the main cause of this is the parallel effect. Based on the Studies done for violent video games correspond with individuals having violent acts. Also, young adolescents reveal that those who play a lot of violent video games become more aggressive and see the world as more hostile. The article also revealed that this acts would be a coincidence or a cause from playing violent videos. Additionally, researchersRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violence843 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games have been around for half a century when, the first simple tennis game was designed by William Higinbotham in 1958. Since then, video games have gotten more in depth, with better graphics and more options which include violent video games. Violent videos have gotten more popular with a better amount of variety including the franchise of Call of Duty, Battlefield, and Grand Theft Auto. These are the most common and popular video games and because of the violence in them debate has startedRead MoreMedia Violence And Violent Video Games807 Words   |  4 PagesMedia violence has been tremendously growing and attaining the hazardous extents. Two-thirds of TV shows contain some kind of violence. Most self-involving video games contain some violent matter in it. For example, if you manufacture guns, you do not need to give any advertisement, because it is done by the amusement industry. Aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, hallucinations, and fear of being mishandled were caused by the media violence, was explained in a 2009 Policy Statement

How The 2008 Election Affected African American History

From 1968 to 2008, this forty-year period starts with what is considered to be one of the darkest moments in African American history and ends with the ultimate triumph and fulfilment of a dream. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was the spiritual and political leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was gunned down and assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, TN (History.com). Those responsible assumed that this senseless act of violence would thwart and quell the efforts of African Americans in the quest for equality in the United States of America, however, this deed cemented the pursuit and determination of African Americans and many others to bring Dr. King’s dream to fruition. On November 4, 2008, the United States of American elected its first African American President, Barack Hussein Obama, as the nation’s forty-fourth president (ipl2). This week’s assignment is to write an essay on how the 2008 election affected African American History in America and contrast the essay ideas with the history of the tragic assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The election of President Obama marks the most noteworthy political accomplishment for African Americans in the United States during the post-civil rights revolution, thus bringing about a change in the country’s social and political landscape that was steeped in racial discrimination since the founding of this great nation. Because social and political conditions are subject to constant change, President Obama’sShow MoreRelatedThe Medi A Very Important Role Of Today s Society865 Words   |  4 Pagessuggests how Barack Obama grew as a global super celebrity by using media spectacle. He argues how Barack Obama’s media techniques led the campaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able to attract supporters through his culture a nd race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. In the first time in history, an African-American candidateRead MoreArticle Summary : Barack Obama And Celebrity Spectacle884 Words   |  4 Pagessuggests how Barack Obama grew as a global super celebrity by using media spectacle. He argues how Barack Obama’s media techniques led the campaign in his favour in the United States’ presidential election of 2008 (Kellner, 2009). With much publication, broadcasting and advertising resources, Barack Obama was able to attract supporters through his culture and race. The first democratic spectacle was that of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. In the first time in history, there had been an African AmericanRead MoreRace Relations And The Civil Rights Movement924 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1800’s the white majority used the African-American minority as salves. The African-Americans were not treated like people but rather livestock because of of ho w they worked and were traded. Slowly over time the race relation between whites and African-Americans progressed. It wasn’t until the late 1900s that African-Americans finally gained the ability to vote in the country they have fought for and lived in for many decades. Today in modern American, even after the Civil Rights movement, manyRead MoreRace And American Culture : The Problem Of Race1338 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem of race in American culture. The history and the effects of race, and analyzes why people think about race as a problem in American culture and why it has to be addressed. The issue of race is a vice that existed in America since the slave and colonial era. It resulted into the practice of racial discrimination in which White Americans had more legal privileges than Asian Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, and Native Americans. Legally, European Americans had more privilegesRead MoreAfrican Americans : A Racially Equal Society1613 Words   |  7 PagesAndrea Collins August 29, 2016 A racially equal society is one whereby individuals are not likely or more likely to receive certain benefits given that they belong to a particular racial group. This would be an ideal society given that the current American society is characterized by institutional and systemic racism. Institutional racism can be defined as institutional practices and other aspects of government such as policymaking, cultural representation and so forth that enforce racial inequalityRead MoreThe Achievements Of Theodore Roosevelt1590 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most important people in American history is Theodore Roosevelt. He is considered to be one of the most efficient and successful presidents to ever hold office. The achievements that he accomplished during his life will most likely never be equaled. He went from being a husband and father to being a soldier to becoming president of the United States. Along with contributing to his time period, his legacy continued and went on to influen ce other great presidents. Roosevelt also helped societyRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of theRead MoreThe Benefits of a Multicultural America1460 Words   |  6 Pagesovercome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed throughout the history of America. People have migrated for thousands of years moving into different habitats and spreading their influences over one another. David Burgos a writer for adage, a we bsite that specialize in advertising states, â€Å"I bet most of you thought about Blacks or African Americans and Hispanics. Probably some of you mentioned Asians too, and maybe a few even associated it with non-race-Read MoreMandel A Symbol For Justice, Equality, And Dignity1736 Words   |  7 Pagescause, and even spent decades in prison. In this paper, I will argue the relevance of Mandela’s passion and how individuals in todays society can learn from his activism. Mandela was born and raised in South Africa, which was a country that, up until 1994, was full of racial oppression and apartheid. Much like the Jim Crow laws in America, apartheid affected the lives of many African Americans and other people of color. At this time in South Africa, people of color were only allowed access to certainRead MoreThe Issue Of Political Participation1928 Words   |  8 Pageseveryone should be invested in political matters and actively engaged in political participation. Among the easiest ways to get involved politically is through the voting process and elections, others are symbolic participation, civil society participation, protesting, marching, contacting public officials, being part of election campaigns and even running for office. While voting is among the easiest ways to be a part of this democracy, the turnout is low. The right to vote has opened up to a larger number

Lease Essay free essay sample

Objectives and key issue of DE-242 The revised DE is aimed to improve the quality and comparability of financial porting by providing a greater transparency about the leverage, the asset that an entity used in its operations, and the risk to which it is exposed from entering into lease transactions (SAAB DE-242, 2013). Lessee Accounting The DE wants all leases to be recognized as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, except short-term leases.SAAB 11 7 only requires finance leases to be recognized on statements. This essay will focus on lessees and recognizing operating leases on financial statements as the DE affects them the most. Presentation of Statements Financial statements will include more lines of items as a result of capitalizing operating leases. Items include right-of-use-asset, lease liability, interest expense and amortization. This ensures quantitative information is provided to decision makers.Disclosures Additional qualitative information such as descriptions of leases is to be included on statements due to the overwhelming complexity for users to understand elements such as how variable lease payments are determined. Enhanced disclosures will assist users to understand the additional information to be presented on statements. Effects of DE-242 Recognizing operating leases Current situation Operating leases are a way to avoid on-balance sheet debt to make financial statements look more appealing (F;libber, Silva Fertility, 2006, p. 1).Beauties, Goodyear and Thomson (2000) estimated that operating leases were approximately thirteen times larger than finance leases. The attraction to classify leases as operating is the ability to manipulate ratios and thereby increase finance opportunities (Leo, Hogget Sweating, 2012, p. 343) (Hartman Same, 1989) such as low-interest loans. Duke, Whish and Us (2009) leased a study on capitalization of operating leases and found that companies hid billions Of dollars Of liabilities, enhanced retained earnings, income and ratios by reporting leases as operating.Effects of capitalizing operating leases The effects of the DE are researched to gauge the impact of the changes and the usefulness of the new information provided to the user. Canadian studies resulted in the recognition of additional assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, increasing the debt-asset ratio and decreasing current ratio (Drencher, 201 0, up. 227-256). New Zealand studies on materiality indicated impacts on reported liabilities, therefore affecting leverage. It also showed decreases in liquidity and profitability (Bennett Bradbury, 2003, p. 1 12).US studies were done and reported back to the FAST comparing various lease capitalization techniques on five US corporations. The study summarizes that because of the necessary assumptions to capitalism leases, the capitalization can only be deemed an estimate, so as long as companies are not required to disclose the actual parameters (Biostatic, Evanescent Coffee, 2013, p. 98). The DE will remove estimation uncertainties and provide users with an accurate picture of the companys assets and liability obligations. It will also provide analysts with information that will enable informed decisions on the companys worth.However, capitalizing operating leases causes changes in equity which will affect investor and creditor decisions as to whether or not to finance a firm because of the increased risk being assessed (Beauties et al. , 2006, p. 82). But this allows users to properly assess a firms actual profitability, debt and risk levels when deciding if investing in the firm will lead o positive returns. Financial statement presentation Balance sheets For both types of leases, a right-of-use asset and lease liability is to be recorded. Operating leases previously only needed to be expensed, thus misleading users about the firms profitability by overstating return-on-assets and understating debt-equity ratios (Tat, 2013, p. 128). Former SAAB chairman, David Tweeted, found billions of dollars worth of leases do not appear on balance sheets hindering users to make informed decisions. The SAAB and FIRS believe that identifying the relationship between right-of-use assets and ease liabilities from the lease agreement provides useful information to users (Ernst Young, 2013, p. 55) because leased assets are used similarly to owned assets.Capitalizing right-of-use assets allows users to identify assets that play a role in profit mastication and liabilities owing improving faithful representation in disclosures. Info, Lippie and Wright (1993, p. 362) found when trying to determine rockiness in a firms shares, stock market investors incorporate operating leases to aid their decision. Effectively, investors who previously did not have access to such information will now be provided with it. However, increasing assets and liabilities will result in lower return-on-assets (incorporating amortization) and higher debt-equity ratios.Firms with large amounts of operating leases will face massive fluctuations on financial statements (Tat, 2013, p. 1 30) which will negatively affect decision makers to invest in the firm. P statements Type A leases require lease-related amortization and interest expenses incurred to be shown on two separate lines. For example, amortization such as rent expense, share different characteristics than interest expense thus it is logical to separate them. Rent expense is amortized against the liability whilst interest expense shows users the risk-return trade-off.Currently, lease-related liabilities are only expensed. The new proposal will replace expenses with amortization and interest expense thus impacting EBITDA (PWS, 2010, p. 1) resulting in increased debt-equity ratios and lower return-on-assets due to net income decreasing and total assets increasing (Maharanis, 2011 , up. 64-65). The respective increases and decreases provide users with more accurate information on leverage, risk and profitability ratios because lessees will have to record amortization, offsetting he right-of-use asset, and interest expense.Currently, recording them as one line of expense implies to users that assets are leased risk-free. Cash flow statements Cash payments for Type A leases are to be presented in Financing Activities. This shows users how lessees intend to finance the acquisition of right-of-use assets. Type B lease payments are to be presented in Operating Activities. This should reflect how the lessee plans to pay the lease liability Of the asset. (Ernst young, 201 3, p. 4) The acquisition of a right-of-use asset will create an increase in operating cash inflows due to the asset being used in the production process of goods, resulting in revenue. By capitalizing operating leases, users can now accurately determine return-on-assets and debt-equity ratios. Cash flow statements are useful for users to identify how much money a firm has and how much they can borrow. If uncial statement disclosures Lessee accounting Devilries and Midfielder (2013, p. 1) point out deficiencies of AS-1 7 under the conceptual framework such as insufficient disclosures Of entities leasing activities.The DE sets out new disclosure requirements of the reconciliations f amounts recognized in the statement of financial position, maturity analysis of discounted lease payments, and narrative disclosures about leases like information about the variable lease payments. (Ernst Young, 201 3, up. 56-57). Some financial ratios may be altered since there are changes in the manner of ensuring decision-makers understand the overview of leasing activities such as reflecting the right-of-use asset and the lease liability (Devilries Midfielder, 2013, p. 656).New York Universitys studies compared the effects of capitalization of operating leases resulting in lower net income due to interest and amortization, debt ratios increasing and lower return-on-equity. Thus the new requirements will increase the amount of information disclosed about leased assets and liabilities, including information about the basis, terms and conditions on determining variable lease payments, residual value guarantees and restrictions imposed by leases, which can improve the reliability and understandably of the financial statement for the users.

Learning and Teaching free essay sample

It is often stated that schools over emphasize the logical/mathematical and verbal /linguistic intelligences. And it is often observed and discovered in the Pisa test; students are really working at low level skills. If we use Blooms taxonomy as a guide we could say that students are involved in the knowledge and comprehension levels with a few opportunities to work at the application level. However, we need more students who can analyze, synthesize and evaluate from a range of options. The Pisa study focused on 15 year old students to see if they had acquired the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of an information/ knowledge driven society The results indicate that indeed our students do not have the requisite skills for our age. Industrial countries involved in the PISA review have discovered that many of their students do not have the skills for the 21century. Changes have to be made and the point recognized that we, as educators, are now being asked not to produce workers, but to produce thinkers who can work. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We know that many of the jobs our students will have in the 21st century have not yet been invented. Norm Green In teaching for thinking, we are interested in how students produce knowledge rather than how they merely reproduce it. Intelligent behavior is performed in response to questions and problems, the answers to which are NOT immediately known. Thus, we are interested in focusing on student performance under those challenging conditions that demand strategic 2 reasoning, insightfulness, perseverance, creativity, and craftsmanship to resolve complex problems. What behaviors are indicative of the efficient, effective problem solver? Just what do human beings do when they behave intelligently? Research in effective thinking and intelligent behavior by Feuerstein (1980), Glatthorn and Baron (1985), Sternberg (1984), Perkins (1985), and Ennis (1985) indicates that there are some identifiable characteristics of effective thinkers. It is not only some scientists, artists, or mathematicians who demonstrate these behaviors. These characteristics have been identified in successful mechanics, teachers, entrepreneurs, salespeople, and parents people in all walks of life. What follows are a dozen suggested characteristics of intelligent behaviors that teachers and parents can teach and observe. This list is not meant to be complete. As we think and study more about intelligent behavior we will discover additional indicators of growth in thinking abilities. As the characteristic is presented, complete the self assessment scale that is underneath each section. 3 1. Persistence: persevering when the solution to a problem is not immediately apparent * Students often give up in despair when the answer to a problem is not immediately known. They often say, I cant do this, Its too hard, or, they write down any answer to get the task over with as quickly as possible. They dont take the time to analyze the problem, to develop a system of problem attack. Students demonstrate growth in thinking abilities by increasing their use of alternative strategies of problem-solving. They collect evidence to indicate their problem-solving strategy is working, and if one strategy doesnt work, they know how to back up and try another. As students become less impulsive, we can observe them clarifying goals, planning and exploring alternative problem solving strategies, and considering consequences of actions before they begin. They will decrease trial and error, they will gather much information before they begin a task, take time to reflect on an answer before giving it, make sure they understand directions before beginning a task, and listen to alternative points of view. Does this behavior represent the quality we want our students to have? Mark along the scale where you think you stand?

Free Essays on Microsoft Legal Audit

Microsoft’s Legal Audit Microsoft, manufactures, licenses, and supports a host of software products for a number of computing devices. Their software includes operating systems for â€Å"intelligent devices, personal computers and servers; server applications for client/server environments; knowledge worker productivity applications; and software development tools. They also license consumer software programs; sell PC input devices; train and certify system integrators; and research and develop advanced technologies for future software products.† Should there be a reference here? Microsoft's ambitions are anything but small. The world's #1 software company provides a variety of products and services, including its Windows operating systems and Office Suite software. The company has expanded into markets such as video game consoles, interactive television, and Internet access. With its core markets maturing, Microsoft is targeting services for growth, looking to transform its software applications into Web-based services for enterprises and consumers. Microsoft has reached a tentative settlement to end an ongoing antitrust investigation, agreeing to uniformly license its operating systems and allow manufacturers to include competing software with Windows (Company Information). The following issues involving Microsoft were researched and analyzed in preparation for the production of this audit report. The three issues that were picked involve Microsoft’s employment discrimination troubles, anti-trust/monopoly problems, and revenue reporting investigations by the SEC. Following the legal audits, the appendix contains basic financial statements, a 5-year stock chart, and the 20 most recent insider trades as of March 2003. Employment Discrimination When it rains, it pours. The Associated Press headline and story lead-in of January 2001, announcing Jackson v. Microsoft, must have caused the hearts of anti-trust-weary Microsoft su... Free Essays on Microsoft Legal Audit Free Essays on Microsoft Legal Audit Microsoft’s Legal Audit Microsoft, manufactures, licenses, and supports a host of software products for a number of computing devices. Their software includes operating systems for â€Å"intelligent devices, personal computers and servers; server applications for client/server environments; knowledge worker productivity applications; and software development tools. They also license consumer software programs; sell PC input devices; train and certify system integrators; and research and develop advanced technologies for future software products.† Should there be a reference here? Microsoft's ambitions are anything but small. The world's #1 software company provides a variety of products and services, including its Windows operating systems and Office Suite software. The company has expanded into markets such as video game consoles, interactive television, and Internet access. With its core markets maturing, Microsoft is targeting services for growth, looking to transform its software applications into Web-based services for enterprises and consumers. Microsoft has reached a tentative settlement to end an ongoing antitrust investigation, agreeing to uniformly license its operating systems and allow manufacturers to include competing software with Windows (Company Information). The following issues involving Microsoft were researched and analyzed in preparation for the production of this audit report. The three issues that were picked involve Microsoft’s employment discrimination troubles, anti-trust/monopoly problems, and revenue reporting investigations by the SEC. Following the legal audits, the appendix contains basic financial statements, a 5-year stock chart, and the 20 most recent insider trades as of March 2003. Employment Discrimination When it rains, it pours. The Associated Press headline and story lead-in of January 2001, announcing Jackson v. Microsoft, must have caused the hearts of anti-trust-weary Microsoft su...

Auditory, Visual and Kinesthetic Learning Styles

Auditory, Visual and Kinesthetic Learning Styles One way to be truly successful in the classroom is to wrap your head around the three different learning styles according to Flemings VAK (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) model. If you know how you learn best, you can use specific methods to retain what you learn in class. Different learning styles require varied methods to keep you motivated and successful in the classroom. Here is a bit more about each of the three learning styles.   Visual Fleming states that visual learners have a preference for seeing the material in order to learn it. Strengths of the visual learner:  Instinctively follows directionsCan easily visualize objectsHas a great sense of balance and alignmentIs an excellent organizerBest ways to learn:  Studying notes on overhead slides, whiteboards, Smartboards, PowerPoint presentations, etc.Reading diagrams and handoutsFollowing a distributed study guideReading from a textbookStudying alone Auditory With this  learning style, students have to hear information to truly absorb it. Strengths of the auditory learner:Understanding subtle changes in tone in a persons voiceWriting responses to lecturesOral examsStory-tellingSolving difficult problemsWorking in groupsBest ways to learn:Participating vocally in classMaking recordings of class notes and listening to themReading assignments out loudStudying with a partner or group Kinesthetic Kinesthetic learners tend to want to move while learning. Strengths of the kinesthetic learner:Great hand-eye coordinationQuick receptionExcellent experimentersGood at sports, art, and dramaHigh levels of energyBest ways to learn:Conducting experiments  Acting out a playStudying while standing or movingDoodling during lecturesStudying while performing an athletic activity like bouncing a ball or shooting hoops Generally, students tend to favor one learning style more than another, but most people are a mix of two or maybe even three different styles. So, teachers, make sure youre creating a classroom that can engage any type of learner. And students, use your strengths so you can be the most successful student you can be.

Technology in Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology in Literacy - Essay Example f civilization, as an individual can only progress if he or she has the ability to read and write, thereby gaining knowledge and experience about the dynamics of life and the world in general (Kemp 3). The definition of literacy does not stop at the ability to read and write, but extends to include the capacity of an individual to exercise all the knowledge and skills that they gain through reading and writing to shape the course of their lives, or draw up their destinies. As such, literacy becomes a flexible collection of closely linked strategies and skills to the context and purpose of learning and progress. In such a manner, technology comes in a revolutionary way to define the manner or style by which these individual acquire the capacity to read or write. The effect of technology under these considerations is whether it enables many people to acquire literacy, or spoils the same effort of literacy acquisition by exposing these individuals to knowledge and skills far beyond their understanding. In such a case, technology ends up being a pitfall rather than a ladder to the advancement of literacy in the modern world (Felderman and Vasquez 45). The research to establish the effect of technology in literacy used both qualitative, as well as, quantitative methods to discern the degree of influence. The participants in the research involved both the old and the young, in different geographical settings. A group of old men and women, both from town and from the rural settlements took part in the research, and similarly to the young boys and girls of the same age group and from different backgrounds. This enabled the researcher to collect the honest opinions of each side of the market and determine the true effects of technology in the advancement of literacy. Analysis of data was particular in establishing the level of gains made by literacy due to incorporation of technology, as well as, the negative effects of the inclusion of technology in the advancement of

Identify and describe two significant U.S laws in international trade Essay

Identify and describe two significant U.S laws in international trade for the period of 2000-2008 - Essay Example This agreement immediately removes tariffs on more than eighty percent (80%) of U.S. exports comprising of products, which are consumer and industrial, the rest being phased out in 10 years (USTR, CAFTA-DR Final Text, 1). The Office of the United States Trade Representative also says that the DR-CAFTA would provide the same reciprocal access for the products and services of the US, just like most of the imports that enter the United States which are duty free, under the so-called â€Å"Generalized System of Preferences, Caribbean Basin Initiative and Most Favored Nation programs† (USTR, CAFTA-DR Final Text, 1). Hence, the goal of this agreement is to maintain a healthy competition and to create â€Å"a more efficient marketplace across international borders† (US Trade Representative, CAFTA Facts: Meeting the Needs of the Region’s Rural Poor, 1). This agreement is also provided with funding initiatives in order to enhance rural development and build trade capacity (USTR, CAFTA Facts: Financial Support for CAFTA-DR, 1). Thus, countries under this agreement was said to receive billions of dollars from various agencies in the next few years ((USTR, CAFTA Facts: Financial Support for CAFTA-DR, 1). Aside from this, the agreement contains the international labor rights with the capability to trade, providing thereby the procedures in case a party fails in its obligations under the labor provisions (Human Rights Watch, 1). However, according to Brandie Ballard Wade, although the provision of the DR-CAFTA provides that â€Å"members are committed to meet their obligations under the ILO declaration and ensure that both the rights of workers and the internationally recognized labor principles are protected and established in its laws,† there is however no requirement that they have to meet these obligations (645). Instead, the agreement only requires that countries strive to ensure that international principles and rights â€Å"are acknowledged and protected by

James Bond 007 Agent Under Fire :: Papers

James Bond 007 Agent Under Fire James Bond, has been represented in novels and films for over four decades and several computer games have been made from the films. Electronic Arts are creating a new Bond specifically for the console market, neither based on a film or a book. Previous Bond games have been hit and miss, GoldenEye on the Nintendo 64 is considered an all-time classic whereas Tomorrow Never Dies on the PlayStation was mediocre [IMAGE] James Bond films have several key components; girls, gadgets, guns, cars, locations and action. Agent Under Fire actually covers these aspects quite well with its multiple game types. Environments are built with lots of polygons and style. Even though you find plenty of offices and hallways, few of them are boring; arched ceilings, curved walls and picturesque window views are everywhere. all rooms are adorned with appropriate ambient objects, many of which are interactive (or at least, destructible). All of the expected touches are here; bullet holes spew plaster, potted plants shatter, and the explosions are easily some of the most legitimate you've ever seen. The main problem with 007:AUF is that most of the action is good, but very little of it is great. The arsenal of weapons is huge and impressively implemented, and enemies are positioned around every corner. One of the most commendable features of the FPS levels is the enemy artificial intelligence. They attack in packs, flush you out, hide behind boxes, bark instructions at each other, or simply just run away. While it's fun to gun them down, there are no unexpected challenges. This becomes especially apparent when you try to replay levels with less aggressive techniques. Your standard-issue P2K has an optional silencer attachment, but alas, there's little opportunity for stealth. You might be able to quietly snipe a few lookouts, but sooner or later the game will force you out of the shadows. From there you're no longer a spy, you're a gunner The sound effects are actually notable for their lack of impact.

Can Machines Think?

Can Machines Think ? This paper regards several points of view on the subject of, what is commonly referred to as Artificial Intelligence, or AI. AI is the attempt to make machines, specifically computers, perform intelligently through programming. Already, this definition has a problem in that the word intelligence can have many interpretations. This essay will attempt to put forward some ideas for how to approach this problem.It could be said that the human brain is nothing more than a machine, and as we know it to be capable of thought it would be fair to surmise that therefore machines can think and it is probably this, or a similar premise that inspired AI. However, within AI there are many schools of thought. Some believe that if a computer can be programmed correctly to emulate certain human processes, then it is to all intense and purposes thinking as we do.One of the early pioneers in the world of computers, Alan Turing, outlined a test in which participants are asked to int errogate a computer terminal in order to determine whether they are communicating with a human, or a computer program. Examples of programs which were put through the Turing test are ELIZA and SHRDLU both of which attempted to emulate one side of human conversation. But even if these programs did appear to be totally human, could they be said to actually be thinking ? John Searle(1984) puts forward a scenario in an attempt to devalue this idea.He refers to a program by Roger Schank at Yale university which, after being given a story will be able to answer questions regarding it. It would seem at the outset that this program would therefore be understanding the story. Searle then argues that despite not being able to understand Chinese, he would, under the correct circumstances, be able to answers Chinese questions in Chinese, relating to a story also written in Chinese. The scenario is summarised as follows; Sitting isolated in a room, Searle is given a wad of Chinese script, follow ed by another. In addition he is given a list of English rules, for correctly correlating the two.By simply following the English rules, he writes a third set of chinese words which he then returns to someone outside the room. If the first set of script was a story, the second a set of questions, he could be said to be answering the questions. In fact, from the point of view of someone standing outside the room, he would be correctly answering the questions, and thus would appear to be conversant in Chinese. This of course is not the case, as Searle would have no knowledge of what the story was about, and what the questions were asking – he would not be understanding the story.This argument is an attempt to demonstrate that although a computer program appears to be understanding a story, it is merely obeying simple instructions, and has no understanding at all. â€Å"In the linguistic jargon, they have only a syntax but no semantics† (Searle 1984) However, depending on hown one observes this problem, it can appear very differently. Regarding the entire room, the person in the room (to whom I shall refer for the sake of continuity of terms as a demon), the scripts and the person outside as a whole, we do have a system that is capable of reading and interpreting Chinese.Hofstadter extends this idea by modifying the scenario so as to shrink it to brain size, the scripts becoming neurons and so on. This effectively creates a system equivalent to the human brain. So what would be the difference between the two. Why would one be acceptable as a thinking system and one not ? Searle frequently refers to ‘causal properties' and ‘intentionality' stating that the artificial system proposed by Hofstadter would lack both of them, and that somehow the human brian has both.It is here where the subject of duality comes into the fore. Are the mind and the brain one and the same, or are they separate entities ? Many religions favour this dualist approa ch and refer to the mind, as it is in this instance, as a persons soul and regard it as being separate to the physical self. Whether the mind is separate or not, Searle's argument implies that the human brain has a mind, because of its natural causal properties, yet an artificial machine does not. But what are these natural causal properties, and from what do they derive ?Are they a result of the biological material from which the brain is made, are they a result of the brain's structure or are they a result of a breath of life from the lips of a god ? â€Å"Machines as simple as thermostats can be said to have beliefs, and having beliefs seems to be a characteristic of most machines capable of problem solving performance† (McCarthy 1979) At what point does a functioning machine gain intentionality ? Here Zenon Pylyshyn is cited from a reply made to Searle, to illustrate the complex connotations involved in the idea of the natural causal property of the brain. If more and mor e of the cells in your brain were to be replaced by integrated circuit chips, programmed in such a way as to keep the input-output function of each unit identical to that of the unit being replaced, you would in all likelihood just keep right on speaking exactly as you are doing now except that you would eventually stop meaning anything by it. What we outside observers might take to be words would become for you just certain noises that circuits caused you to make. Surely, the person in the above example would have conscious, intentional thought, despite being constructed from artificial parts. Or would this person simply be acting in the same role as the chinese room demon ? Another area rapidly developing in AI is Parallel Distributed Processing, or neural networks. These are complex structures that emulate the brains neural structure, and are usually modelled within a computer, although in theory there is nothing to stop them being constructed electronically, or even mechanically !The effect of a neural network is similar to that in Pylyshyn's example – an electronic replacement for a part of the brain. Functionally it operates almost identically to a brain and can be made to do tasks similar to those performed by Schank's story program. Could a neural network equivalent be said to have any more ‘causal properties' than just a computer program ? Searle acknowledges that since we are merely machines, it is possible that machines can think.However he finds the idea of a computer program thinking implausible. However, if we could model a brain, with atomic accuracy in a computers memory, for example in the form of a neural network, surely it would work in exactly the same way and would therefore be just as valid a thinker as a human. It seems that this whole debate rests its most basic principles on a belief; either one believes that our ‘intentionality' derives purely from our brain and its structure or one doesn't.Even if we ever do manage to construct an exact replica of a brain that appears to work identically to the real thing, how could we tell if it really is a conscious entity with true intentionality, or merely acting like the chinese room demon ? Indeed, how can we define conscious, and intentionality in that context. There must be a level of functioning or reasoning that we can use as a cut-off point for deciding whether or not something is alive and thinking. Descartes stated â€Å"I think. Therefore, I am†. But was he thinking, or merely following a mechanical pattern, with no real understanding of the words ? References Can Machines Think? Can Machines Think ? This paper regards several points of view on the subject of, what is commonly referred to as Artificial Intelligence, or AI. AI is the attempt to make machines, specifically computers, perform intelligently through programming. Already, this definition has a problem in that the word intelligence can have many interpretations. This essay will attempt to put forward some ideas for how to approach this problem.It could be said that the human brain is nothing more than a machine, and as we know it to be capable of thought it would be fair to surmise that therefore machines can think and it is probably this, or a similar premise that inspired AI. However, within AI there are many schools of thought. Some believe that if a computer can be programmed correctly to emulate certain human processes, then it is to all intense and purposes thinking as we do.One of the early pioneers in the world of computers, Alan Turing, outlined a test in which participants are asked to int errogate a computer terminal in order to determine whether they are communicating with a human, or a computer program. Examples of programs which were put through the Turing test are ELIZA and SHRDLU both of which attempted to emulate one side of human conversation. But even if these programs did appear to be totally human, could they be said to actually be thinking ? John Searle(1984) puts forward a scenario in an attempt to devalue this idea.He refers to a program by Roger Schank at Yale university which, after being given a story will be able to answer questions regarding it. It would seem at the outset that this program would therefore be understanding the story. Searle then argues that despite not being able to understand Chinese, he would, under the correct circumstances, be able to answers Chinese questions in Chinese, relating to a story also written in Chinese. The scenario is summarised as follows; Sitting isolated in a room, Searle is given a wad of Chinese script, follow ed by another. In addition he is given a list of English rules, for correctly correlating the two.By simply following the English rules, he writes a third set of chinese words which he then returns to someone outside the room. If the first set of script was a story, the second a set of questions, he could be said to be answering the questions. In fact, from the point of view of someone standing outside the room, he would be correctly answering the questions, and thus would appear to be conversant in Chinese. This of course is not the case, as Searle would have no knowledge of what the story was about, and what the questions were asking – he would not be understanding the story.This argument is an attempt to demonstrate that although a computer program appears to be understanding a story, it is merely obeying simple instructions, and has no understanding at all. â€Å"In the linguistic jargon, they have only a syntax but no semantics† (Searle 1984) However, depending on hown one observes this problem, it can appear very differently. Regarding the entire room, the person in the room (to whom I shall refer for the sake of continuity of terms as a demon), the scripts and the person outside as a whole, we do have a system that is capable of reading and interpreting Chinese.Hofstadter extends this idea by modifying the scenario so as to shrink it to brain size, the scripts becoming neurons and so on. This effectively creates a system equivalent to the human brain. So what would be the difference between the two. Why would one be acceptable as a thinking system and one not ? Searle frequently refers to ‘causal properties' and ‘intentionality' stating that the artificial system proposed by Hofstadter would lack both of them, and that somehow the human brian has both.It is here where the subject of duality comes into the fore. Are the mind and the brain one and the same, or are they separate entities ? Many religions favour this dualist approa ch and refer to the mind, as it is in this instance, as a persons soul and regard it as being separate to the physical self. Whether the mind is separate or not, Searle's argument implies that the human brain has a mind, because of its natural causal properties, yet an artificial machine does not. But what are these natural causal properties, and from what do they derive ?Are they a result of the biological material from which the brain is made, are they a result of the brain's structure or are they a result of a breath of life from the lips of a god ? â€Å"Machines as simple as thermostats can be said to have beliefs, and having beliefs seems to be a characteristic of most machines capable of problem solving performance† (McCarthy 1979) At what point does a functioning machine gain intentionality ? Here Zenon Pylyshyn is cited from a reply made to Searle, to illustrate the complex connotations involved in the idea of the natural causal property of the brain. If more and mor e of the cells in your brain were to be replaced by integrated circuit chips, programmed in such a way as to keep the input-output function of each unit identical to that of the unit being replaced, you would in all likelihood just keep right on speaking exactly as you are doing now except that you would eventually stop meaning anything by it. What we outside observers might take to be words would become for you just certain noises that circuits caused you to make. Surely, the person in the above example would have conscious, intentional thought, despite being constructed from artificial parts. Or would this person simply be acting in the same role as the chinese room demon ? Another area rapidly developing in AI is Parallel Distributed Processing, or neural networks. These are complex structures that emulate the brains neural structure, and are usually modelled within a computer, although in theory there is nothing to stop them being constructed electronically, or even mechanically !The effect of a neural network is similar to that in Pylyshyn's example – an electronic replacement for a part of the brain. Functionally it operates almost identically to a brain and can be made to do tasks similar to those performed by Schank's story program. Could a neural network equivalent be said to have any more ‘causal properties' than just a computer program ? Searle acknowledges that since we are merely machines, it is possible that machines can think.However he finds the idea of a computer program thinking implausible. However, if we could model a brain, with atomic accuracy in a computers memory, for example in the form of a neural network, surely it would work in exactly the same way and would therefore be just as valid a thinker as a human. It seems that this whole debate rests its most basic principles on a belief; either one believes that our ‘intentionality' derives purely from our brain and its structure or one doesn't.Even if we ever do manage to construct an exact replica of a brain that appears to work identically to the real thing, how could we tell if it really is a conscious entity with true intentionality, or merely acting like the chinese room demon ? Indeed, how can we define conscious, and intentionality in that context. There must be a level of functioning or reasoning that we can use as a cut-off point for deciding whether or not something is alive and thinking. Descartes stated â€Å"I think. Therefore, I am†. But was he thinking, or merely following a mechanical pattern, with no real understanding of the words ? References

American Homes Inspired by French Designs

`` Absalom, Absalom !, By William Faulkner - 1644 Words

An affront is a personally offensive act or word that displays disrespect, slight or insult towards a person. When someone suffers from something as disrespectful or insulting as an affront, their life is destined to change forever. In William Faulkner’s novel, Absalom, Absalom!, Thomas Sutpen suffered a mortal affront that not only altered his life forever, but also affected the lives of his children, Charles Bon and Judith Sutpen. When Sutpen was a child, he experienced his life changed mortal affront. One day while Sutpen was with his father, his father asked him to deliver a message to a rich white man known as Pettibone. When Sutpen arrived to the Pettibone plantation and approached the front door of the mansion, he was met by one of Pettibone’s slaves. The slave then told Sutpen that he could not enter through the front and was therefore directed to go in through the back door. Sutpen was amazed and shocked at what he had just been told by the slave. That o ne defining moment made him realize how everyone else views him as a person. After suffering from this mortal affront, Thomas Sutpen dedicated the rest of his life to ensure himself that he would never have to experience anything so mortifying ever again. To make sure of this, Sutpen created his life’s design which revolved around gaining land, wealth, a virgin wife, and a son to continue the Sutpen legacy. By gaining money, land, and a virgin wife, Sutpen was determined to prove that he is better than theShow MoreRelatedReview Of Absalom, Absalom ! By William Faulkner1978 Words   |  8 Pages The effect of history is one of the most important topics addressed in Absalom, Absalom! By William Faulkner. The influence the story of Thomas Sutpen has on Miss Rosa Coldfield; the younger sister of his second wife E_ Sutpen, Mr. _ Compson; the son of Sutpen’s close friend _, his son Quentin and Shrive_, who was Quentin’s Northern college roommate is represe ntational and distinctive. This is in addition to Sutpen’s memory and view of his past. Throughout the book, we are provide with narrationRead More How William Faulkner Constructs His Characters in Absalom, Absalom!4434 Words   |  18 PagesHow William Faulkner Constructs His Characters in Absalom, Absalom! Who says what - and how and when - may be the most compelling way William Faulkner constructs his characters in Absalom, Absalom! Storytelling is not just an act in which the saga of the Sutpens is recounted, revised, and even recreated; it is a gesture of self-disclosure. Each revelation about the past provides a glimpse into the present state of the narrating characters mind. The rhetoric, the digressions, the strange (andRead MoreEssay on William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom!1433 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkners Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner’s novel entitled Absalom, Absalom! is a book which systematically utilizes the concept of discovering the past in the present. Faulkner’s use of the past in the present is pertinent in both the construction of the plot of Absalom, Absalom! as well as the extension of its interpreted meanings. Furthermore, Faulkner’s writing of Absalom, Absalom! appears to have been motivated by the great ills and conflicts of the American South, whichRead MoreEssay about Faulkners Condemnation of the South in Absalom, Absalom1353 Words   |  6 PagesFaulkners Condemnation of the South in Absalom, Absalom       William Faulkner came from an old, proud, and distinguished Mississippi family, which included a governor, a colonel in the Confederate army, and notable business pioneers.   Through his experiences from growing up in the old South, Faulkner has been able to express the values of the South through his characters. William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom offers a strong condemnation of the mores and morals of theRead More William Faulkners Absalom, Absalom Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages William Faulkner is the author of Absalom, Absalom!, a Southern novel published in 1936. Faulkner dedicates his writing in Absalom, Absalom! to follow the story of ruthless Thomas Sutpen and his life as he struggles against the suspicion and doubt of the small-town folk that were born and raised in Jefferson, Mississippi. Himself a native-born Mississippian, Faulkner entered the world in September of 1897, and left it in July of 1962 at sixty-four years of age. He was the eldest of four brothersRead More The Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom! Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe Narrative Technique of Faulkners Absalom, Absalom!      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guilt should be viewed through the eyes of more than one person, southern or otherwise.   William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom!, through several minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questions concerning Sutpens motivation.   Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and the illusion of romanticism of the evil that turnedRead MoreFaulkners Absalom, Absalom!: an Innovative Narrative Technique2236 Words   |  9 PagesFaulkners Absalom, Absalom!: An Innovative Narrative Technique Shawn Montano Guilt should be viewed through the eyes of more than one person, southern or otherwise. William Faulkner filters the story, Absalom, Absalom!, through several minds providing the reader with a dilution of its representation. Miss Rosa, frustrated, lonely, mad, is unable to answer her own questions concerning Sutpens motivation. Mr. Compson sees much of the evil and the illusion of romanticism of the evil that turnedRead MoreWilliam Faulkner is a Giant 1158 Words   |  5 Pagesbut in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant.†(Padgett, olemiss.edu) He was a Nobel Prize- winning novelist and a short story writer. Faulkner was acclaimed as one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers. From The Sound and the Fury in 1929 to Go Down, Moses in 1942, was considered his greatest artistic achievement and accomplished more artistically then most artists in their lifetime of writing. (Padgett, olemiss.edu) William Cuthbert Falkner (as his named was then spelled)Read MoreWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner s Life1128 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner is more than a famous Mississippi writer. He is a renowned figure, not only for Southern writers, but for writers throughout the world. Faulkner drew the scenes and characters for his novels and short stories from observations made during his childhood and adult life in his hometown, Oxford, Mississippi. During what is generally considered his period of greatest artistic achievement, a span of forty years, from 1929 to 1942, Faulkner accomplished more than most writers accomplishRead More William Cuthbert Faulkner1902 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner â€Å"A preeminent figure in twentieth-century American literature, Faulkner created a profound and complex body of work in which he often explored exploitation and corruption in the American South.† William Faulkner’s writing most commonly set in Yoknapatawpha County, a fictional area based on his homeland of Mississippi. Explore the history of the South while making thorough observations of Human Character. The purpose of Faulkner’s writing style is to demonstrate a

Modern Technology In Business Essay - 1571 Words

Using Modern Technology To Improve Small Business Advances in technology over the last couple decades have transformed the way small businesses work and communicate, enabling jobs to be completed faster, more effective and more efficient. Technology offers plenty of opportunities for small businesses to make things like marketing and managing a team easier. Small businesses can implement business technology and level the playing field with larger organizations. A growing number of small businesses rely on technology to increase efficiency, manage expenses, grow profitability and improve performance. According to SMB Group’s 2015 Routes to Market Study, 29 percent of all small businesses view technology as helping them to improve outcomes†¦show more content†¦The data can also give accurate delivery times. This in return will gain creditability for a business. Time tracking can mean the difference between an over-worked, stressed-out team and a well-oiled project machi ne. Time tracking software such as Mavenlink, Tsheets, and FunctionFox are great choices for small businesses just starting to use time tracking software. Modern Marketing Another example of a great way to use modern technology to improve small business is marketing. The core of any business success is in its marketing. Most parts of your business depend on successful marketing. This is exactly why using modern technology to improve marketing a small business is so important. For a business to be successful, the products or services it provides must be recognized by possible buyers. If a business is already known to people in the community and already has loyal customers this is not an issue. If a business is new and unknown to people, the business must act to make their products and services known to potential customers. There are several ways to use technology to market a business. One of the best ways is to take advantage of the power of local online directories to further improve a business’ â€Å"findability† on the web. Create profiles of a business on a Google Places page, a Yahoo Local listing, and the Bing Business Portal and app ly solid Search Engine Optimization (SEO) techniques for best results. Establishing thisShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, whoRead MoreThe Role Of Management During The 21st Century : Challenges And Opportunities1080 Words   |  5 Pages The development in management studies has flourished largely; it is with no doubt that the internet and information technologies have caused this major development. On one hand, the classic management practices became less effective in organisations. On the other hand, the effects of the global economy have introduced new management concepts that shape the world business activities. Historically, the industrial revolution generated most of the managerial principles. For instance, the financialRead MoreThe Role Of Management During The 21st Century : Challenges And Opportunities Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of Management in the 21st century: Challenges and Opportunities The development in management practices has flourished greatly; it is with no doubt that the internet and information technologies have caused this major development. By contrast with the classic management practices became less effective in organisations. One can refer the reason to the internet evolution as the key that influenced many industries. Historically, the industrial revolution generated most of the managerial principlesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Studies1116 Words   |  5 Pages The evolution in management studies has grown significantly due to the appearance of the information technologies. In contrast, the classic management practices became less effective in many organisations. Historically, the industrial revolution generated most of the managerial principles. For instance, the financial department concern about the return on investment, while the marketing department focuses in the marginal profit and market shares. The strategic division pursue a compet itive positioningRead MoreAnalysis Of John Lennon, John Jackson Do Celebrities Die Anymore805 Words   |  4 PagesCelebrities The essay â€Å"John Lennon, Michael Jackson: Do Celebrities Die Anymore?† (2011) by Katrina Onstad is informative. It explains the business of dead celebrities and the new possibilities of the current technology brings with it, so that it seems that they are even alive today. Besides the illusive immortality of celebrities, it proves to be a lucrative business. However, Onstad’s writing fails to answer its own thesis and loses its thread throughout the essay. The title of the essay is a rhetoricalRead MoreTo What Extent Is Psychological Contract Applicable in the 21st Century?954 Words   |  4 Pagespaid more attention to than before. It appears that a fair and positive psychological contract may contribute to success of a business. The first session of the essay will define what psychological contract is. The second session will discuss the changes of the psychological contract in 21st century, and the third will show how psychological contract is applicable in business in this new century. The following section will discuss why the psychological contract is not applicable in some situationsRead MoreExplain How the Role of an Accountant Has Changed over Time. Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountant in modern business. I. Introduction. Thesis statement: Many changes have happened in Accounting in the last few years. Most of which are differences in styles and also ways to implement this knowledge in modern business. II. What are an older-style accountant and modern accountant? 1. Overview of the situation in the past. 2. Previous information about an older- style accountant. A. Modern business. 1. Information about what is considered a modern businessRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Society And Legal Requisites1148 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I will briefly talk about the experience I got while learning Information Technology Professional and Society. I had great experience with my tutor Dr. Kyeong kang and tutorial members and best with my group members. I was an amazing life time experience of eight weeks and I tried my best to travel smoothly on this track. As I enrolled in ITPS subject I have learnt and grown from this subjects that I thought possible. As stated in the class the goal of learning this subject is to exposeRead MoreDesign and Enterprise Business Organization1160 Words   |  5 PagesSubmit for Grading button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Exam Questions There are 11 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points for a total of 55 points. There are seven randomly selected essay questions each worth 35 points for a total of 245 points. The Final Exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1–7. The Final Exam contains two pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. The Final Exam questionsRead MoreJust Following Orders Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesor Greed? Explain how ethics in business and the law are related. How are they different? What is the impact of ethical behavior on the development of social responsibility for businesses? I believe that very few times ethics in business and law are associated, ethics in business are unwritten rules for behavior on business practices and laws are written rules set by government to protect people. For instance if you violate an ethical code in business you could face humiliation, a slap

Effective Environmental Impact Management through Ecotourism Free Essays

string(36) " discussed further in section four\." The world has seen the growth of tourism increase dramatically in the past fifty years and with this growth comes a concern for the cultural and environmental impacts associated with it. Ecotourism is the new breed of tourism based around the concept of nature and cultural appreciation, espoused by many to bring significant economic benefits to the host countries as well as being a sustainable alternative to mass tourism. The aim of this paper is to review the literature that focuses on the environmental impacts of ecotourism. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Environmental Impact Management through Ecotourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will be achieved through the discussion of five key areas. First, the multitude of definitions surrounding ecotourism will be examined with a view to identifying the core concepts. Second, the key players involved in the ecotourism industry will be identified. Third, the positive and negative impacts associated with ecotourism will be discussed. Fourth, the contributing factors that determine the level of environmental impact. Fifth, the future of ecotourism and how it can be managed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research. World tourism is growing in terms of number of travellers as well as in economic expansion (World Tourism Organisation (W. T. O), 1997) and as the worlds largest industry (Nelson, 1993) it earns approximately $US 2. 5 trillion annually (Dearden, 1993). Tourism takes on many different guises and nature-tourism is one of these, which, in it’s most sustainable form has been labelled ecotourism. Within the worldwide tourism industry ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors (Eagles, 1995) and according to a 2001 W. T. O and United Nations Environment Programme study ecotourism may represent between two and four percent of global tourism (W. T. O, 1997). Although this is a relatively small percentage share it is not the volume that is significant but the fact that it is a type of tourism that attempts to minimise the negative effects of traditional mass tourism, be these economic, social or environmental (Doan, 2000). There has been a proliferation of ecotourism-related articles in professional journals since the late 1980s (Sirakaya, 1999) and due to the expansive nature of ecotourism the literature covers a multitude of topics. It is for this reason that for the purpose of this paper I have focused on the journals that are concerned particularly with the environmental impacts of ecotourism. These journals take the form of definition articles (Edwards, 1998; Sirakaya, 1999; Fennel, 2000), articles on particular case studies (Burton, 1998; Doan, 2000; Thomlinson, 1996; Obua, 1997; Nianyong, 2001; Chin, 2000), and articles on impact related aspects from more of a resource point of view (Beaumont, 2001; Tyler, 1999; Acott, 1998). Section 1: Defining the Concept of Ecotourism Before even beginning to identify what environmental impacts ecotourism is having on the environment it is important to clarify the concept of what it is. The problems of defining ecotourism have been debated at length (Blamey, 1997), and there is a tremendous amount of literature exploring the definitions of ecotourism. It can be observed that Ceballos-Lascurain (1983) was one of the first people to provide a working definition (Sirakaya, 1999; Thomlinson, 1996; Edwards, 1998; Fennel, 2001). His definition was normative and he suggested that ecotourism incorporates the notions of travelling to relatively untouched natural areas with the objective of enjoying and admiring the area’s natural and cultural manifestations. From that period on the definitions came to include the notion of ecological sustainability and that ecotourism should provide economic benefits for local people, as well as provide funds for conservation of the visited areas (Boo, 1990; Lindberg and Hawkins, 1993; Tyler, 1996). Researchers from the field of biological research tend to focus mainly on the environmental aspects of the definition (Tyler, 1999; Nianyong, 2001; Acott et al. , 1998) when using the term ecotourism in their research papers. While others have not included a definition of what they consider ecotourism to stand for (Obua, 1997; Burton, 1998), suggesting that people reading articles in the tourism journals are assumed to have a comprehensive understanding of what the term ecotourism means. In the recent years research focusing on the definitions of ecotourism have been performed through content analysis of pre-existing definitions, one such being by Sirakaya (1999) who looked at it from a supply side view and identified whether tour-operators in the America’s viewed themselves in fit with their own ecotourism definitions and policies. These definitions took a normative and positive viewpoint that can also be seen in Fennels (2001) article. He also used a content analysis method and incorporated the concept of definition alterations over time as well as differentiating between definitions provided by government and individuals (researchers) mainly in the Americas. Perhaps the most exhaustive study of definitions was undertaken by Edwards et al (1998), who conducted a content analysis of the ecotourism policies employed by the government agencies of all the countries in the America’s. All these content analyses provide a fresh insight into the definition of ecotourism although they are biased due to the fact that they use very few definitions provided by researchers and governments outside of the America’s. A commonly cited definition that I think encapsulates the main findings of the three content analysis studies previously described (Sirakaya, 1999; Fennels, 2001; Edwards et al. , 1998) is one that originated from the Ecotourism Society (1993), and for the purpose of this review is the definition I shall be using. It is:- Purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the cultural and natural history of the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local citizens. Section 2: Identification of the Key Players in the Ecotourism Industry In this section I will identify four different groups who have key roles to play in the ecotourism industry; the communities residing in the host ecotourism country/area, the tourists, the tour operators, and the government agencies. All of the above groups are interconnected and affect each other and in turn effect the environmental impact on ecotourism destinations, this will be discussed further in section four. You read "Effective Environmental Impact Management through Ecotourism" in category "Papers" The literature only provides very fleeting references into the nature of the communities that are affected by ecotourism. The main way that local communities would appear to get involved in the ecotourism industry is through being employed in the local tourist activities. Be it through building accommodation (Obua, 1997), guiding (Chin et al. , 2000), or by being involved in local conservation projects (Nianyong, 2001). Yet even descriptions of these activities are very minimal and so will not be addressed further in this review. On a general level of description about the tourist group the authors tend to refer to them as eco-tourists (Beumont, 2001; Acott, 1998), and they are observed to be mainly westerners (Chin et al. , 2000). It is agreed that all eco-tourists have the underlying wish to travel to natural areas with a view to appreciating the unspoilt environment (Tyler, 1999; Beumont, 2001; Acott, 1998) and within this concept is the discussion in the literature concerning the ‘spectrum’ of nature based tourists (Burton, 1998). Beumont (2001) identified a range of different types of nature based travellers by suggesting that each eco-tourist is unique in terms of their knowledge of the nature and attitude towards it. This idea can be seen in a slightly different guise in Acott’s (1998) research which takes a much more phenomenological approach and segments eco-tourists into ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ groups. Shallow eco-tourists are of an anthropocentric frame of mind in that they view humans as separate from nature and that nature is an instrument that serves human ends. ‘Deep’ eco-tourists adopt a much more holistic view of the world and view humans to be intrinsically linked with the environment. Burton (1998) identifies these differing types as ‘casual’ and ‘dedicated’ eco-tourists with ‘dedicated’ ones having higher expectations in terms of the quality of the ecotourism experience. Eco-tourism as a product is delivered by the ecotour operators and companies (Thomlinson, 1996). They characteristically have the parent business located in the base country (predominantly western) who prepare nature tour packages and then co-ordinate with the other half of their business in the destination country (Higgins, 1996). The majority are small-scale operations (Blamey, 1995; McArthur, 1994). This enables the operators to practice environmentally responsible practices and to ensure high quality experiences for the tourists (Burton 1998; Thomlinson, 1996). In compliance with the definition of ecotourism ecotour operators ideally should act in an environmentally responsible manner yet many researchers suggest that they are masquerading as ecotour companies and use the term ecotourism as a marketing tool (Nianyong, 2001; Thomlinson, 1996; Beaumont, 2001; Burton, 1998). With respect to government agencies involvement and attitudes towards ecotourism the content analysis study conducted by Edwards et al. 1998) provides the most comprehensive insight into their agenda’s. As well as this empirical study the literature identifies them as playing an important role in the management of the ecotourism industry with them being the creators of the policies which control the exploitation of natural areas (Nianyong, 2001; Chin et al. , 2000; Beaumont, 2001; Burton, 1998). This is especially true when the ecotourism activities take place in national parks as designated by governments (Obua, 1997; Nianyong, 2001; Woodward, 1996). The influence they have on environmental impact management will be discussed further in section 4. Section 3: The Positive and Negative Environmental Impacts. The positive environmental impacts are essentially indirect benefits that are derived from educating tourists on environmental issues, and providing economic benefits for the destination country/area to aid in conservation of their natural resources. With respect to issue of education Beumont (1998) cites the writings of Boo (1991) and Goudberg et al. 1991) who argue that ecotourism provides environmental education or interpretation for participants which in turn creates awareness and understanding of the natural environment therefore creating support for conservation. This idea is supported by Chin et al. (2000: 31) whose qualitative study based around a questionnaire completed by 210 eco-tourists who visited Bako national park in Borneo. It showed that â€Å"90% of respondents indicated the importance of learning about nature as part of their experience, suggesting that visitors to Bako would be highly receptive to educational strategies. It is the ecotour operators who are essentially the main providers of the environmental education and Blamey (1995) notes that ecotour operators in Australia primarily set up their businesses because of their personal interest in the environment. Economic benefits derived from ecotourism and that positively impact the environment take a number of forms. Boo (1990) argues that ecotourism can stimulate the economy and in turn generate direct funding for conservation. An example of this is where Doan (2000) cites Wells (1993) who talks about mountaineering fees that are being used for the cleanup of Sagmarth National Park in Nepal, and has led to increased ecological quality. An indirect environmental benefit derived from ecotourism is that it provides an alternative to more damaging types of industry (Thomlinson, 1996). This can be seen in a case study (Obua, 1997) where forest ecotourism was introduced in the Kibale National Park as a sustainable industry instead of ruining the environment through logging. The definition provided by the Ecotourism Society suggests that ecotourism should not alter the integrity of the ecosystem, yet as Tyler and Dangerfield (1999) argue almost any level of human exploitation has impacts on an ecosystem. His qualitative research took the viewpoint of resource management, the resource being the ecosystems that are exploited by ecotourism, and points out that most of the ecosytems that are visited have developed independently of human interaction and have to adapt rapidly to deal with the human incursion, depending on the level of human disturbance. Tyler (1999) does point out that marine environments are particularly susceptible to the development of ecotourism, a topic researched at length by Mason (1998) who, through the use of a qualitative research tool assessed the potential effects on two marine environments and found that predominantly negative biophysical effects occurred due to development of ecotourism. A study on forest degradation due to ecotourism (Obua, 1997) was the only quantitative research on the subject of environmental impact that was found in the literature. Perhaps an area for future research? Other environmental impacts of ecotourism outlined in the literature take the form of general comments about how animal behaviour is disrupted with particular reference to altered eating habits (Burger, 1998; Tyler, 1999; Thomlinson, 1996). Pollution created in the forms of rubbish as well as water and vehicle pollution which is also mentioned in the literature (Mason, 1998; Chin et al. , 2000; Nianyong, 2001) as well as damage done to vegetation due to trampling. An indirect environmental impact that is discussed in some depth by Burton (1998) and to a lesser extent Beaumont (2001) is the fact that most eco-tourists have the expectation of appreciating the natural environment without the presence of large numbers of people. This has led to the exploitation of previously untouched area in an attempt to provide ecotourists with quality experiences. Section 4: Determining the level of Environmental Impact In the literature one of the biggest debates is whether eco-tourism leads to mass-tourism and it’s associated environmental problems (Beaumont, 2001; Doan, 2000; Mason, 1998; Obua, 1997). Even if it does not lead to fully-fledged mass-tourism it agreed throughout the literature that an increase in visitors to sensitive natural environments causes an increase in associated environmental impacts. Discussion on at what point the number of tourists is too much for a destination focuses on the concept of carrying capacity (Doan, 2000; Thomlinson, 1996). This is the theoretical limit to the number of tourists that an area can sustain without deleterious effects (Boo, 1990). They also refer to Butler’s life cycle model and Burton (1998) cites Thomlinson’s (1996) empirical evidence, and argues that once the number of tourists reach a certain level then ecotourism turns into mass-tourism. So as described, the number of tourists converging on a destination is a key factor on the level of environmental impact, yet what factors contribute to the differing numbers of ecotourists? A common idea in the literature is the attitudes of the governing bodies towards the development of ecotourism sites (Thomlinson, 1996; Obua, 1997; Chin et al. 2000; Nianyong, 2001). A common theme is that governments have been tempted by the prospect of making a ‘quick buck’, and therefore do not put in place policies limiting exploitation of their countries natural resources, and policies limiting numbers of tourists. Although one country that has minimised environmental impacts through limiting the number of western tourists is Bhutan (Brunet, 2001), yet not totally as they still allow an unlimited number of Indians to cross their borders, a policy controlled by the government! Nianyong (2001) also illustrates that governments should be instrumental in helping to develop environmentally responsible policies within their country as well as providing funds for research. Yet in the case of Nianyongs’ research which was a survey conducted in China, he points out that a lot of ecotourism destinations are in the third world, this is can be seen in the way that most of the case studies on ecotourism are based in the third world. These host countries can’t afford to provide funds for appropriate ecotourism development, a point corroborated by Chin et al. 2000) whose study was based in Malaysia. Yet paradoxically authorities were responsible for increasing the number of eco-tourists to the Bako national park in 1988 through tourism promotion. Chin et al. (2000) suggests that this was driven by economic interests. The next area of discussion focuses on how eco-tour operators affect the level of environmental impact that ecotourism destinations experienc e. As previously mentioned it is suggested that eco-tour operators are simply exploiting the concept of ecotourism by using it as a marketing tool. Burton (1998) cites a number of researchers who suggest that surveys indicate that a large number of eco-tour operators cannot be considered to act in an environmentally responsible manner (Botrill and Pearce, 1995; Weiler, 1992; Holden Kealy, 1996; Jones, 1993). This obviously has serious implications for the level of environmental impact and in Belize supposedly ecotourism companies have destroyed large swaths of mangrove swamps in order to develop luxury bungalows (Thomlinson, 1996). Also although most eco-tour operators are small businesses there are so many of them they can negatively impact the environment through a cumulative effect (Thomlinson, 1996; Beaumont, 2001). As illustrated the number of ecotourists descending upon an area is one of the main factors determining the level of environmental impact Yet there are references in the literature that point out that it is the innate attitude of the actual eco-tourist towards pro-environmental causes that plays an important part in the level of environmental impact that ecotourism destinations experience (Acott, 1998; Chin et al. 2000; Beaumont, 2001). Acott (1998) who discusses ecotourism in terms of ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ differentiates different types of eco-tourists in terms of the level to what extent they pursue environmentally sustainable lifestyles. He uses the example of a low impact eco-traveller who stays in very basic accommodation and pursues a minimal impact experience comp ared to a large group of bird watchers staying in a luxury hotel with the expectation of a westernised ecotourism experience. Section 5: The Future of Ecotourism The focus of this section is to identify the numerous variables correlated with the success of ecotourism as a sustainable option for the future, and the recommendations documented in the literature to ensure the long-term success of ecotourism. As it is recognised that large numbers of tourists have detrimental affects on the environment, many of the researchers talk about limiting visitor numbers (Burton, 1998; Thomlinson, 1996; Nianyong, 2001; Chin et al. 2000). Yet how many is too many? Tyler (1999) and to a lesser extent Doan (2000) suggest that the resource base (the ecotourism destination) as an ecosystem needs to be considered primarily, and to define saleable products that will have an absorbable impact. In relation to actually controlling the number of visitors it is generally agreed that government tourism agencies are ones who have the power to implement these controls. Thomlinson (1996) suggests that infrastructure should be limited thus discouraging large scale tours, this was actually achieved in Bako National Park Malaysia, whereby the authorities decided not to build a main road into the park and only allow tourists access to the park via river boats. Nianyong (2001) also suggests that operators wishing to establish ecotourism businesses in national parks should have to obtain licenses thereby maintaining the integrity of the industry. There are also suggestions that as ecotourism is after all a business, causing smaller eco-tour operators (who have less of an impact on the evironment) being forced out of the market by larger operators. These larger operators are seen to be the leading edge of mass tourism and achieve greater profits through economies of scale (Burton, 1998, Thomlinson, 1996). Therefore they argue that government agencies need to promote and perhaps subsidise the smaller operatives and restrict the growth of larger operators. Yet the tension that exists with governments, especially in third world countries, is that they lack funds and by limiting the number tourists they are limiting the economic benefits provided by the ecotourism industry. These government agencies have to realise that although increase in visitor numbers means greater profits, eco-tourists want to experience nature without being crowded by other humans (Burton, 1998). Boo (1990: 96) noted in reference to the environmental effects of ecotourism ‘that tourism, if not managed properly, can destroy tourism’. The issue of educating eco-tourists is the other fundamental tool that can be used in maintaining the sustainability of ecotourism. By creating positive attitudes towards environmental preservation amongst tourists it fosters awareness about the future implications of ecotourism amongst the very people who are the consumers of the product, and who directly impact the environment they are visiting. Fortunately according to Sirakaya’s (1999) research ‘according to tour operators, ecotourism also includes involvement in after travel to inspire personal responsibility’. The raises the point addressed at length by Beaumont (2001) that it is the responsibility of the eco-tour operators to provide quality education to the tourists. Nianyong (2001) also points out that local communities in the host destination need to be educated and involved and encouraged to participate in environmental conservation. A point only briefly touched upon in other articles. Section 6: Conlusion Five lines of enquiry were discussed, each focusing on different aspects. However, these aspects are highly interconnected. The first section outlined how research into the definitions of ecotourism had mainly been qualitative. Recently however the research has tended to be functionalist in nature with quantitative studies employing content analysis techniques as a means to attempt to settle the definition debate. I observed definite core themes in the research yet felt as did the most recent researchers did that pinpointing an exact definition was act of futility, due to the global nature of ecotourism. Yet the definition I used at the bottom of section 1 provided the basis of reference for the duration of the review. In the second and third section the research findings illustrated the interconnectedness of the key players in the ecotourism industry and the effects they are having as a whole on the environment. The articles that were found to provide the best insight into the detailed effects of what environmental impacts ecotourism has on host countries were found in Case Study articles, where various regions were examined in depth. Although a problem with these case studies was that they were slightly limited in that they all examined ecotourism activities in national parks. I would suggest future research that focuses on areas that are not national parks, but which do accommodate ecotourism, one such place being Kodaikanal in southern India, a place where as an ecotourist myself, inspired this review. There was also a distinct lack of detailed quantitative research of a geographical nature into environmental impacts, yet research of this nature is inherently difficult due to the complex nature of ecosystems. Section four and five viewed ecotourism and it’s capacity to minimise environmental damage in the context of ‘the bigger picture’ by pulling together the previous sections. The literature acknowledged that ecotourism is a business after all and that market forces as with nearly everything in this world are driving factors behind whether ecotourism is a success or not in the future. Yet it can be seen just through observing the recent initiation of new journals such as the Journal of Sustainable Tourism that there is concern for the well-being the environment, especially with the dramatic annual growth of tourism. Therefore research into the ecotourism industry will almost certainly continue apace. This is fortunate as Tyler (1999) points out there are a multitude of dimensions and paradigms associated with ecotourism research, ranging from philosophy to ecological economics. To conclude, the future of ecotourism is an uncertain one. Negative environmental impacts have definitely been observed, although in other areas where effective policies have been implemented the environment has apparently not suffered and the sustainability of the industry is assured. There is evidence that supports the theory that ecotourism leads to mass tourism and it’s associated problems. Yet, I would observe that the commonality amongst all these issues is that geographical location causes the differing variables associated with ecotourism development and is the deciding factor as to whether ecotourism can be implemented successfully to protect the environment. This is where further research should be directed enabling future ecotourism planners to have a reference point according to their global location. How to cite Effective Environmental Impact Management through Ecotourism, Papers